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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(2,supl): 63-67, May 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755016

ABSTRACT

It is well recognized that the classical biological and chemical markers of environmental pollution do not necessarily indicate the presence or absence of emerging threats to public health, such as waterborne viruses and genotoxicants. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the presence of material of enteroviruses (EV), rotavirus (RV) and adenovirus (AdV) and genotoxicity in water samples from points of routine monitoring of water quality in the main course of the Sinos River. The points are classified into different levels of pollution in accordance to the Brazilian federal regulations. Viral genomes from EV, AdV were detected in two of the 4 collection points regardless of the level of urbanisation of the surrounding areas. In contrast, genotoxicity was not observed in piava (Leporinus obtusidens) fingerlings cultivated on these same water samples. Results were compared with classical physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. There was no clear evidence of association between any of the classical markers and the presence of viral genomes in the water samples tested.

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É amplamente reconhecido que os marcadores biológicos e químicos clássicos para a poluição ambiental não necessariamente indicam a presença ou ausência de ameaças emergentes à saúde pública, tais como vírus transmitidos pela água e genotoxicantes. Este estudo preliminar teve por objetivo detectar material genético de enterovírus (EV), rotavírus (RV) e adenovírus (AdV) e genotoxicidade em amostras de água de pontos de monitoramento de rotina da qualidade da água no curso principal do rio dos Sinos. Os pontos são classificados em níveis diferentes de poluição, de acordo com as normativas federais brasileiras. Genomas virais de EV, RV e RV foram detectados em dois dos quatro pontos de coleta, independente do nível de urbanização das áreas adjacentes. Por outro lado, não foi observada genotoxicidade em alevinos de piava (Leporinus obtusidens) cultivados nestas mesmas amostras de água. Os resultados são comparados com marcadores físicos, químicos e microbiológicos clássicos, não há nenhuma evidência clara da associação entre qualquer um dos marcadores clássicos e da presença de genomas virais nas amostras de água testadas.

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Subject(s)
Animals , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Rivers/chemistry , Rivers/virology , Water Quality , Brazil , Characiformes/metabolism , Enterovirus/genetics , Enterovirus/isolation & purification , Mastadenovirus/genetics , Mastadenovirus/isolation & purification , Mutagens/analysis , Rotavirus/genetics , Rotavirus/isolation & purification , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
2.
Cir. & cir ; 74(6): 483-493, nov.-dic. 2006. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-571234

ABSTRACT

La terapia con genes postula el uso terapéutico del DNA como una nueva alternativa de la biomedicina para el tratamiento de las enfermedades humanas. Todas las proteínas están codificadas en el DNA, y muchas enfermedades resultan de: a) la ausencia o expresión aberrante de uno o más genes; b) la ausencia de formas funcionales; c) alteraciones en su proceso de regulación, transporte o degradación. Por lo tanto, tales enfermedades pueden ser potencialmente tratadas, restableciendo la expresión de la proteína involucrada en las células afectadas. Sin embargo, para lograr una transferencia exitosa del material genético al sitio blanco y evitar la destrucción del DNA o del vehículo seleccionado antes de llegar al sitio de interés, se han desarrollado varios sistemas virales. Entre los virus más conocidos están: el virus del herpes simple, adenovirus tipo 5, virus adenoasociado y algunos retrovirus complejos (lentivirus). En este artículo se exponen las características biológicas, la manipulación genética y propiedades de los adenovirus, así como su empleo en la medicina actual como vectores para transferir genes y su potencial implicación en la terapia génica.


Gene therapy is based on the use of DNA as a therapeutic material as an alternative therapeutic tool for treatment of human diseases. All proteins are codified into the DNA and several diseases result from the absence or aberrant expression of one or related genes, absence of expression of functional proteins, and alterations for regulation process in transport and degradation mechanisms. In this regard, several diseases could be potentially treated through the expression of the normal form of the involved protein. However, the main objective is to achieve a successful genetic material delivery into the target site and avoid the destruction of DNA or the selected vehicle before arrival at the final destination. Several efficient viral gene transfer systems have been developed. Viral-mediated gene delivery for experimental models has been designed from herpes virus (HV), adenovirus (adenovirous), adeno-associated virus (AAV) and retroviruses (lentiviral vectors). In this review we will discuss the specific biological and cloning properties of adenoviral vectors as a gene transfer tool and potential medical implications for gene therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/therapy , Mastadenovirus/genetics , Genetic Vectors/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Viral , Genetic Therapy , Genome, Viral , Mastadenovirus/physiology , Mastadenovirus/ultrastructure , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/therapy , Transcription, Genetic , Transduction, Genetic , Virus Replication , Genetic Vectors/therapeutic use
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